Обзор решения
Данный корпус и основание станка из чугуна специально разработаны для токарных станков с ЧПУ, вертикальных и горизонтальных обрабатывающих центров, портальных фрезерных станков, станков для обработки зубчатых передач и другого оборудования. В основе — “синергетическая адаптация корпуса станка и основания + высокопрочный чугунный материал + точная технология производства”, что позволяет решить четыре ключевые проблемы традиционных компонентов: недостаточная жёсткость корпуса, приводящая к погрешностям передачи; плохая герметичность, вызывающая утечки масла; недостаточная несущая способность основания, приводящая к осадке; а также сложности с выравниванием, влияющие на точность.
Тщательно отбираются высококачественные материалы: ковкий чугун QT500-7/QT600-3 (основной материал для корпусов) и серый чугун HT300–HT400 (для обычных оснований). Благодаря таким процессам, как “ЧПУ-расточка и фрезерование + точная шлифовка + старение и упрочнение”, допуск отверстий под подшипники достигает H7, степень защиты — IP65, несущая способность основания составляет 15–100 тонн, точность выравнивания — ±0,001 мм/м, а долгосрочное снижение точности работы всего комплекта составляет ≤0,05% в год.
Продукция охватывает такие отрасли, как общее машиностроение, производство автокомпонентов, прецизионные формы и аэрокосмическая отрасль. Она помогает повысить точность передачи станка на 40%, снизить частоту отказов из‑за утечек масла на 80% и сократить срок монтажа оборудования на 35%.
Система ключевых функций (с акцентом на синергетическую адаптацию “корпус–основание”)
1. Преимущества чугунных материалов и эксклюзивные технологии
- Иерархический подход к выбору материалов (учитывающий функциональные различия компонентов):
◦ Корпусы станков (преимущественно ковкий чугун QT500-7/QT600-3): предел прочности при растяжении — ≥500 МПа (для QT500-7) / 600 МПа (для QT600-3), удлинение — ≥7% / 3%, а ударная вязкость в 2–3 раза выше, чем у серого чугуна. Обладает отличной усталостной прочностью (способен выдерживать 10⁶ циклов воздействия), поэтому подходит для таких узлов, как шпиндельные корпуса и коробки передач, где требуется размещение элементов трансмиссии. Шероховатость внутренней поверхности — Ra≤1,6 мкм, что снижает сопротивление смазочного масла и предотвращает образование отложений. Для специальных высокотемпературных условий (например, при работе на высоких скоростях шпинделя) можно выбрать серый чугун HT400 (твердость 200–260 HB, отличная теплопроводность).
◦ Основания станков (серый чугун HT300–HT400 / ковкий чугун QT500-7): для обычных нагрузок (15–50 тонн) применяется HT300–HT400 (коэффициент амортизации в 3–5 раз выше, чем у стали, эффективно гасит вибрации оборудования). Для тяжёлых нагрузок (50–100 тонн) выбирается QT500-7 (обладает высокой стойкостью к осадке, долгосрочная деформация под нагрузкой — ≤0,003 мм/м). В нижней части основания предусмотрены регулировочные отверстия и пазы для амортизации, что обеспечивает адаптацию к различным типам грунтов.
- Эксклюзивные технологии производства (обеспечивающие точность и стабильность):
◦ Корпусы станков: применяется технология “формовка в смоляном песке + литьё по выплавляемым моделям” (для сложных конструкций), что позволяет минимизировать внутренние воздушные полости (дефектность — ≤0,3%). Отверстия под подшипники и места установки шестерён проходят последовательную обработку: “грубая расточка – полуфинишная расточка – финишная расточка – хонингование”, с допуском диаметра отверстия H7 и круглостью ≤0,002 мм, что гарантирует соосность элементов трансмиссии (шпинделей, шестерён). Уплотнительная поверхность подвергается точной шлифовке (Ra≤0,8 мкм), повышая герметичность соединения.
◦ Основания станков: после 60–90 дней естественного старения и двух этапов искусственного старения (выдержка при температуре 550–600 °C в течение 8 часов) устраняется более 99% внутренних напряжений, что исключает прогибы основания вследствие снятия напряжений при длительной эксплуатации (деформация за 10 лет — ≤0,01 мм/м). Рабочая поверхность подвергается “финишной фрезеровке и шлифовке”, с плоскостностью ≤0,008 мм/1000 мм, что обеспечивает точность совмещения с корпусом.
2. Корпусы станков: защита трансмиссии и обеспечение точности
(1) High-Rigidity Structural Design (Resisting Transmission Impact)
- Optimization of Box Wall Thickness and Reinforcing Ribs: The wall thickness (15-30mm) is designed according to the transmission power. Heavy-duty housings such as spindle housings adopt a “double-layer box wall + cross-shaped reinforcing ribs” design (rib spacing 150-300mm). For example, for a machining center spindle housing (size 800×600×500mm), the bending stiffness is increased by 70%, and the vibration amplitude of the housing is ≤0.002mm when the spindle runs at high speed (15000rpm), avoiding changes in the meshing gap of transmission gears (error ≤0.001mm).
- Local Strengthening Treatment: The periphery of bearing holes and gear installation bosses undergo “local thickening + quenching” (hardness 45-50HRC) to improve local load-bearing capacity and avoid hole deformation caused by long-term stress (bearing hole service life ≥50,000 hours).
(2) Precision Sealing and Oil Control Design (Preventing Leakage)
- Multi-Layer Sealing Structure: The spindle extension end adopts a double protection of “lip seal + labyrinth seal”, with a sealing grade of IP65, which can prevent cutting fluid and dust from entering, and reduce the oil leakage failure rate from 25% (traditional) to less than 5%. The joint surface of the housing uses oil-resistant asbestos gaskets + sealant (temperature resistance -30℃~150℃) to ensure no leakage at the joint surface.
- Oil Control and Heat Dissipation Adaptation: Lubricating oil channels (hole diameter 8-15mm) are set in the housing to adapt to the automatic lubrication system and accurately supply oil to gears and bearings. Large housings (such as gantry milling machine spindle housings) integrate heat dissipation fins (heat dissipation area ≥1.5 times the housing surface area) or reserve cooling water channels (hole diameter 10-20mm) to avoid excessive temperature rise of lubricating oil (oil temperature controlled at ≤60℃) affecting viscosity.
(3) Adaptation to Transmission Components (Precision Installation)
- Precision Machining of Installation Positions: The bearing hole tolerance is H7, the roundness is ≤0.002mm, and the coaxiality is ≤0.003mm (for multi-bearing holes), ensuring the precise installation of spindle bearings (such as angular contact ball bearings), and the spindle radial runout is ≤0.001mm. The gear installation shaft hole tolerance is js6, and the fit gap with the gear shaft is ≤0.005mm, reducing transmission impact and noise (noise ≤75dB).
- Internal Space Optimization: The internal cavity is designed according to the layout of the transmission system (such as spindle, gear, clutch), and maintenance space (≥150mm) is reserved to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of components. Large housings are equipped with observation windows (tempered glass + sealing cover) to allow real-time viewing of the internal transmission status and reduce downtime for inspection.
3. Base Assemblies: Overall Support and Stable Adaptation
(1) Multi-Scenario Load-Bearing and Leveling Design
- Optimization of Load-Bearing Structure: Conventional bases adopt a “box-type main structure + grid ribs” design (rib spacing 200-400mm) to bear 15-50 tons. Heavy-duty bases (such as 10m CNC lathe bases) adopt a “box-type structure + honeycomb dense ribs” design to bear 50-100 tons, with a long-term load-bearing settlement of ≤0.005mm per year.
- Гибкие методы выравнивания:
◦ Pad Iron Leveling Bases: Equipped with cast iron leveling pad irons (adjustment range 0-20mm, load-bearing ≤25 tons per set), fine-tuned by bolts, with a leveling accuracy of ±0.001mm/m, adapting to workshops with general ground flatness (concrete strength ≥C25).
◦ Shock Absorption Leveling Bases: For precision machine tools (such as coordinate boring machines), air spring shock absorption modules (shock absorption efficiency ≥90%) are installed at the bottom to isolate ground vibrations (such as the operation of other equipment in the workshop) and ensure machine tool machining accuracy (repeat positioning error ≤0.002mm).
◦ Embedded Fixed Bases: Heavy-duty machine tools (such as gantry milling machines) are equipped with embedded bases, which are fixed to the ground concrete (C30 or above) through anchor bolts (M30-M60) to enhance overall stability and prevent machine tool movement (displacement ≤0.001mm per year).
(2) Precise Positioning Coordination with Housings
- Positioning Structure Design: Positioning pin holes (tolerance H7) are set on the top of the base, which are matched with the spigot at the bottom of the housing, with a positioning error of ≤0.005mm, ensuring the coaxiality of the housing and the base (≤0.003mm/1000mm) and avoiding transmission errors caused by assembly deviations.
- Protection and Expansion Adaptation: Guardrail installation grooves (adapting to safety protection) are set around the base, and chip conveyor interfaces (cross-section 150×200mm-300×400mm) are reserved to facilitate the integration of the machine tool chip removal system. Some bases are equipped with hoisting holes (load-bearing ≤1.5 times the base weight) to facilitate overall handling and installation.
Основной состав системы
| Категория компонентов |
Core Parameters and Configuration (Enhanced Synergistic Characteristics) |
| Чугунные корпуса станков |
Material: QT500-7/QT600-3 ductile iron, HT400 gray cast iron; Size: Length 500-2000mm, Width 400-1500mm, Height 300-1200mm; Precision: Bearing hole tolerance H7, Roundness ≤0.002mm, Coaxiality ≤0.003mm; Sealing: Grade IP65, adapting to lip seal + labyrinth seal; Structure: Double-layer box wall/reinforcing ribs, lubricating oil channels, optional heat dissipation fins |
| Сборки из чугунных оснований |
Material: HT300-HT400 gray cast iron, QT500-7 ductile iron; Type: Pad iron leveling type / Shock absorption leveling type / Embedded type; Size: Length 1500-10000mm, Width 800-5000mm, Height 300-1000mm; Precision: Installation surface flatness ≤0.008mm/1000mm, Leveling accuracy ±0.001mm/m; Load-bearing: 15-100 tons (per set) |
| Вспомогательные аксессуары |
Oil-resistant seals (material: nitrile rubber/fluororubber, temperature resistance -30℃~200℃); Cast iron leveling pad irons (adjustment range 0-20mm, load-bearing ≤25 tons per set); Air spring shock absorption modules (shock absorption efficiency ≥90%, load-bearing ≤50 tons per set); Anchor bolts (M30-M60, Grade 10.9, adapting to embedded installation) |
Типичные отраслевые случаи применения
- Vertical Machining Center Spindle Housing + Base: Used by a machine tool factory for 850-type vertical machining centers —— The spindle housing is made of QT500-7 material (size 800×600×500mm), with a bearing hole tolerance of H7 and a sealing grade of IP65; it is matched with an HT400 shock absorption base (2000×1500×800mm) with a leveling accuracy of ±0.001mm/m. When the spindle runs at 15000rpm, the vibration amplitude is ≤0.002mm, the hole position tolerance of processed molds is reduced from ±0.008mm to ±0.003mm, the oil leakage failure rate is reduced from 20% to 3%, and the equipment maintenance cycle is extended by 2 times.
- 10m Heavy-Duty CNC Lathe Base + Spindle Housing: Used by a heavy industry enterprise for φ2000mm CNC lathes —— The spindle housing is made of QT600-3 (impact load resistance ≥500kN), and the base is an embedded QT500-7 base (10000×3000×1000mm) with a load-bearing capacity of 100 tons. When processing wind power spindles (φ1800mm), the spindle radial runout is ≤0.001mm, the cylindricity error is reduced from ±0.015mm to ±0.005mm, the annual base settlement is ≤0.005mm, and the machine tool precision retention period is extended from 1 year to 4 years.
- Precision Gear Processing Machine Housing: Used by a gear factory for gear hobbing machines —— The housing is made of QT500-7 (size 600×500×400mm), the gear installation shaft hole tolerance is js6, and the coaxiality is ≤0.003mm. When processing precision gears (module 5, precision grade 6), the cumulative pitch error is reduced from ±0.012mm to ±0.005mm, the transmission noise is reduced from 85dB to 72dB, and the gear qualification rate is increased by 35%.
Основные конкурентные преимущества
- High Synergistic Precision of “Housing – Base”: The base and housing are precisely matched through positioning pins (error ≤0.005mm), avoiding transmission errors caused by assembly deviations, which is far better than the splicing structure of “purchased housing + general base” (deviation ≥0.01mm), ensuring the stable overall precision of the machine tool.
- Strong Transmission Protection Capability of the Housing: The ductile iron material has fatigue resistance, high-precision sealing prevents leakage, and the bearing holes are precisely adapted to transmission components. The transmission error is reduced by 40%, and the oil leakage failure rate is reduced by 80%, solving the core pain points of traditional housings such as “inaccurate transmission and easy oil leakage”.
- Flexible Load-Bearing and Leveling of the Base: Multiple types of bases adapt to different load-bearing capacities (15-100 tons) and ground conditions, with a leveling accuracy of ±0.001mm/m and a load-bearing settlement of ≤0.005mm per year. The stability is 3 times higher than that of welded bases (insufficient load-bearing and easy deformation).
- Excellent Cost and Maintenance Benefits: The purchase cost of cast iron materials is 20% lower than that of steel, and integrated manufacturing reduces assembly processes. The housing has good sealing performance, and the base does not require frequent leveling. The annual maintenance cost is less than 1/3 of that of welded components, and the full-life cycle cost is 40% lower.
- Wide Customization Adaptability: It supports the customization of housing size (500-2000mm), number of bearing holes, and sealing grade, as well as the customization of base load-bearing (15-100 tons) and leveling method. The structure can be optimized according to the machine tool model (such as FANUC/SIEMENS system), adapting to more than 95% of machine tool needs.
Услуги полномерной кастомизации
- Настройка параметров компонентов:
◦ Machine Tool Housings: Size 500-2000mm (length × width × height), number of bearing holes (1-6), sealing grade (IP54-IP67), layout of lubricating oil channels, adapting to different transmission systems.
◦ Base Assemblies: Size 1500-10000mm (length × width × height), load-bearing 15-100 tons, leveling method (pad iron / shock absorption / embedded), adapting to different machine tool weights and ground conditions.
- Настройка материалов и технологий:
◦ Material Selection: QT500-7 is usually selected for the housing, QT600-3 for heavy loads, and HT400 for high-temperature scenarios; HT300-HT400 is usually selected for the base, and QT500-7 for heavy loads.
◦ Process Enhancement: Honing of housing bearing holes (Ra≤0.4μm), surface quenching (hardness 45-50HRC); ultra-long time aging of the base (90-120 days), precision grinding of the installation surface.
- Настройка сопутствующих услуг:
◦ Installation and Commissioning: Positioning and assembly of the housing and base, precision inspection of bearing holes, leveling of the base, ensuring that the entire set of components meets the coordination requirements of the machine tool transmission system;